crawley



'Jul 29,1924. 1,503.033

M C. CRAWLEY TYPE-WRITING MACHINE Filed Dec. 50, 1:922 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 IN V EN TOR Mansfcld C A TTORNE Y July 29. 1924.

M. c. CRAWLEY TYPE-WRITING MACHINE Filed Dec. 30. 1922 4 Sheet Sheet 2 INVENTOR NQIQsfLZZZd/GG'QW lay BY S ATTORNEY M. C. CRAWLEY TYPEWRITINGMACHINE July 29, 1924.

Filed Dec. 30, 1922 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 NVENTOR srf z c: owvlgy Man AT'I'ORNEY July 29, 1924. I

M. c. CRAWLEY r TYPEWRITING MACHINE 4 sheets -sheet 4 Filed Dec. so; 1922 5 I VENTOR Mamafmldfi OQWZV BY i A'}TOR Patented July 29, 1924.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MANSFIELD C.. CHAT/WILEY, F GRGTON, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR 'IO ADDOGRAPH COM- PANY, OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, A. CORPORATION OF CALIFORNIA.

TYPEVJRITING MACHINE.

Application filed. December 80, 1922. Serial No. 609,8'77.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that' I, MANSFIELD C. CRAWLEY, a citizen of the United States of America, and a resident of Groton, in the county of Tompkins and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Typewriting Machines, of which the fol lowing is a specification.

The main object of the invention is to provide means whereby the upper-casecharactors will be printed uniformly with the smaller lowercase characters.

Another object of the invention is to pro vide, in a power operated typewriting machine, means whereby when the case shift mechanism is operated, to print upper-case characters, the power of the printing means will be slightly increased in order that the upper case characters shall'be printeduniformly with the lower-case characters.

Another object of the invention is to provide, in a power-operated typewriting inachine having a power operated case shift mechanism, means whereby the operation of the case shift mechanism will slightly increase the power of the printing means for printing upper-case characters.

There are other important objects and advantages of. the invention which will appear hereinafter.

In the drawings, Fig. 1 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view of a typewriting machine embodying the invention;

Fig. 2 a detail perspective view of the levers whichoperate to connect the supple mental actuator spring to the actuator when printing upper-case characters;

Fig. 3 a detail viewof the means for increasing the tension of the main actuator spring;

Fig. a. machine shown in Fig. 1, takenonthe line l4 of Fig. 1; i

Fig. 5 a perspective view of thecase shift mechanism removed. from the typewriter frame; r

Fig. 6 a detail View of a portion of the case shift mechanism showing the case shift frame raised and in upper-case position;

F ig. 7 a detail vertical sectional view of a portion of the type bar mechanism and the case shift mechanism, the case shift frame being dotted in upper-case position;

Fig. 8 a detail vertical sectionai view showing the type bar actuator and a pora horizontal sectional view of the tion of the case shift mechanism shifted to upper-case position;

Fig. '9 a detail view of a type bar carrying small characters and showing the position of said bar with respect to the printing platen when it picks up its restraining spring; and

Fig. 10 a view similar to Fig. 9, of a type bar bearing large characters.

Referring to the drawings by referencecharacters, designates the type-bars which The rear edge of the coupler-rest 19 is provided with a series of spaced notches formin a multi hell; of rearwardl -eX- b y tending fingers 21 between which are adapt-- ed to slide the upper ends of a series of rods 22 arrangedin a row across the machine, one rod being provided for each of the key-levers 23, its lower end being pivoted at 2st to its associated key-lever and a light. coil-spring 25 being employed to pull the upper end of the rod 22 forwardly against the body of the coupler-rest 19, this spring 25 serving also to normally hold down rod The rear of each coupler 18 is provided with a hook 26 which extends downwardly a-ndrearwardly and has its lower end resting upon the coupler-rest 19 'innnediately above the upper end of one of the rods 22 so that when said rod is raised by the key, it will lift the coupler a limited distance. The couplers are guided by lingers 27 on the front edge of the coupler-rest 19.

Each coupler is provided with a cam surface 28 which, when the coupler is raised, is adapted to impinge against and impart a rearward movement to the universal releasebar 29 curved to correspond with the curved arrangement of, the fingers 21, and suspended immediately above these fingers by means of a pair of depending links 30. These links 30 are pivoted at their upper ends to a pair of horizontal frame-bars 31. by means of a rock-shaft 30 journaled at its ends therein. The lower ends of the links 30 are pivotally connected to the arcuate release bar 29 by means of a flange 32, this flange 32 being pivotally connected by a horizontal link 33 to the depending end of a latch-lever 34 arranged near the rear wall of the machine and adapted to be normally swung forwardly by means of a spring 35.

Arranged above the universal release-bar 29 is a similarly curved universal type-baractuator-bar 36 which is suspended by means of a depending link arrangement composed in part of two pairs of parallel depending arms 38. Pivotally connected to the rear pair of the arms 38 are the rear ends of a pair of arms 37 projecting rearwardly from the actuator-bar 36; and pivotally connected to the forward pair of arms are the forward ends of arms 37 projecting forwardly from the actuator-bar. The front pair of arms 38 is affixed to a sheet-metal rock-shaft 39 journaled by pivot-screws in the aforesaid frame-bars 31, and the rear pair is pivotally hung on a cylindrical rock-shaft 40 likewise journaled in said bars 31.

The type-bar-actuator thus constructed is normally pressed forwardly toward the couplers 18 by means of a double coil-spring 41 which surrounds a sleeve 42 mounted 011 and adapted to turn with shaft 40, this sleeve and shaft being locked together by a radial pin 43, the ends of said sleeve 42 serving to properly confine the upper ends of the arms 38 loosely against the adjacent sides of the frame-bars 31. The opposite ends of this double'spring 41 are extended downwardly at 44 and arranged to bear upon the rear faces of lugs on the respective arms 38 so that the normal tendency of the spring is to swing said arms 38 forwardly. The spring is fastened to the shaft 40 by means of the aforesaid pin 43, which pin extends through a loop 45 formed in the spring midway its length, said loop being hooked over the radially-projecting end of said pin and being held against the pin by the tension of the spring. The shaft 40 is locked against rotation and is adapted to be rotatively adjusted to vary the tension upon the spring by means hereinafter described.

The actuator-frame is connected pivotally by means of a link 46 to a crank-arm 47 formed on a short shaft 48 journaled in suitable brackets on the rear wall of the machine, one'end of said shaft being provided with a radial arm 49 which lies in the path of the lower end of the latch-lever 34, so that when said shaft 48 is rotated over backwardly the outer end of said arm 49 will be caught by a spring-held latch-lug 49 carried by said latch-lever. Adjacent to and in alinement with the aforesaid shaft 48 is another independent shaft 50 which is adapted to be continuously driven by means of a pulley 51 belted to a continuously-running motor 52, said shaft 50 being provided with a pull-back ratchet-wheel 53 which is positioned close to the radial arm 49 on the shaft 48. Affixed t0 the frame of the machine is a cam 54 which extends forwardly and curves under the ratchet-wheel 53. A pawl 55 is pivotally mounted on the radial arm 49 in the path of the ratchet-wheel 53, a spring (not shown) around the pivot of the pawl being provided to normally throw this pawl into engagement with the ratchetwheel. Pawl 55 is formed with a heel projection 57 which; is adapted to come in contact with the inner curved edge of the cam 54 to withdraw the pawl from the ratchet-wheel just prior to the engagement of the radial arm 49 with the latch-lever. The end of the pawl-carrying arm 49 is arranged to engage an upper lug 58 on the end of the latch lug 49. The latch lug is normally held in its upper position by a coil spring 59 with a lower lug 58 engaging a rigid stop lug on the lever 34. When the pawl-carrying arm engages the latch lug the spring 59 yields slightly and cushions the blow. The spring 59 is strong enough to finally return the latch lug to its upper normal position with the lower lug 58 in engagement with the rigid lug on the latch lever 34. The operation is briefly as follows:

While the machine is in use, the ratchetwheel 53 is maintained in continuous rotation over backwardly. Normally, the outer end of pawl-carrying arm 49 is held against rotation under the force of the spring 41 by means of the latch 34. hen this arm 49 is released by the rearward swinging of the latch 34 through the medium of the key-operated release-bar 29, the actuator spring 41 quickly throws the type-bar-actuator forwardly and this actuator strikes the selected coupler and thus throws the type-bar tothe platen. The cam 54 holds'the hook-pawl 55 out of engagement with the spinning ratchetwheel 53 until the heel 57 of the pawl rides off the forward end of the cam, by which time the actuator has about com-- pleted its forward stroke. lVhen the pawl is thus released from the cam, its spring forces it quickly into engagement with the ratchetwvheel, whereupon the type-bar-actuator-frame is quickly pulled back. As the pivotal point between crank 47 and link 46 passes below center, the heel of the pawl impinges against the rear end of the cam and thus withdraws the pawl from the ratchet, allowing the ratchet-wheel to run free of the pawl, and the outer end of the pawl-carrying arm 49 is then arrested at a point slightly below center by the latch. The latch is maintained normally in latching position by the spring 35 which presses the latch into the path of the arm 49.

It is desirable to vary the power of the i work.

justing device is that actuator spring in order that the type blow against the platen may be increased where it is desired to make more than the normal number of carbon copies or to do stenciling l accomplish this in a simple way by mounting the spring-supporting-shaft 4O rotatably and providing means whereby this shaft may be rotated over rearwardly to increase the tension of the spring ll or over forwardly to decrease the tension thereof. 1 affix to the shaft 4L0 at one :end a wormgear 60 and I mesh with this gear a worm 61 mounted on the shaft 62 ournaled in the frame of the machine in a position to bring its milled operating-wheel 63 within convenient reach of the operator. It will be obvious that by rotating the worm 61, the spring may be tensioned to the desired degree. A feature of importance in this adit is self-locking, thereby avoiding the necessity of employing extraneous lockingdevices. In view of the necessity of avoiding tensioning the spring beyond a predetermined maximum tension, it is important that a stop-device be provided for this tensioning mechanism. I prefer employing a spring-clip 6 I which may be readily attached to the teeth of the wormgear 60 by simply springing it over the teeth in such position as to strike aga ist the thread of the worm 61 when the maximum tension is obtained to thus prevent the tensioning-shaft being further rotated. The idea of employing this detachable clip is to enable it to be fitted over any group of ad jacent teeth of the gear, to thereby enable it to be properly positioned on the gear after the mechanism is assembled and the tension of the actuating-spring is tested.

The face of the clip may be provided with numbers for indicating the degree of tension; this will be especially useful in adjusting the machine for making carbon copies. This type bar mechanism is shown and described in my Patent 1,455,112, dated hfay 15, 1923. V

After the type-bar leaves the actuator and is on the way to the platen, it is desirable to control and cushion its action and also get a sharp return movement. .To accomplish this, I arrange a leaf-spring 65 in the path of a heel-lug 66 on the type-bar, the arrangement being such that just before the type reaches the platen the heel will engage under the spring and flex its free end upwardly far enough to permit the type to print with the desired impact. These springs 65 are each desirably formed of a plurality of superposed leaves stepped as to length and fastened to the underside of the typebar-rest. These springs 5 are of course arranged in an arc corresponding to the type-bar segment, and they are clamped between curved plates 67 secured to the typebar-rest.

In order to secure uniform printing it is necessary that the impact of a type carrying a character of con'iparatively large area shall be greater than the impact of a type having a character of smaller area. It is manifest that the actuator bar will exert a uniform power on all the type bars. It is desirable therefore to interpose in the type bar mechanism some means adapted to be adjusted for each individual type bar in ,order to vary the force with which the type bar strikes the platen in order that the broad or larger characters shall be printed uniformly with the narrow or smaller characters. l accomplish this individual varia tion in the force with which the type bars strike the platen by adjusting the spring lingers 65. By bending these fingers toward or from the heel 66 of the type bars so that they will be picked up at different points in the movements of the type bars the restr ining effect of said lingers may be increased or decreased. For the broader or larger characters the said fingers will be bent upwardly so as'to be engaged near the end of the movement of the type bar. For the nar-- row characters and punctuation points they will be bent downwardly so as to b pic ed up earlier in the type bar movement and thereby enert a greater restraining influence on the force of the type bar. This individual adjustment of the cushioning springs is illustrated in Figs. 9 and 10.

A driving friction-clutch member, comprising a fiber disk 68 rigidly and non-rotatively held on shaft 50, and having its periphery tapered toward one end to form'a conical friction surface, is adapted to be gripped by an outwardly flaringor conoidal flange 69 formed on a disk-like metallic friction clutch member 69 rotatively or loosely mounted on "the shaft and adapted to be shifted longitudinally of the shaft. The driven member 6969 is adapted to be pressed against the driving member 68 by means of a resilient sheet metal lever 71 formed intermediate its ends with a laterally bent lug pivotally held to a bracket 79 secured to the machine frame. A pinion 76 is affixed to the driven clutch member 69, and a washer is loosely mounted on shaft 67 between the outer end of said pinion and the forked upper end of lever 71. A forwardly extending lug 72 on the inner end of a lever 73 engages the inner face of lever 71 at the lower end of said lever 71. Lever 78 is pivoted on a boss on the machine frame and the upturned rear end 74 of a shift and lock-up key lever 75 engages under the outer end of lever 73 so that when the key on lever 75 is depressed the forked upper end of clutch lever 71 will press washer 70, pinion 76 and clutch member 69-439 towa dclutch member 68. Key lever 75 is pivoted intermediate its ends on a rod in the machine frame.

The toothed pinion 7 6 affixed to the loose member 69 of the clutch is relatively long and in all positions of the clutch member 69 constantly engages a toothed segment 77 pivotally mounted on a forwardly projecting car 78 formed on the bracket 7 9 affixed to the frame of the machine, the depending end of this segment being bifurcated to form a pair of separated stop-fingers 80 adapted to alternately abut opposite faces of a double-end or duplex stop or bumper 81 formed of rubber and supported stationarily between the fingers 80 by suitable means. Pivotally connected to the segment 77 near its upper end is a link 83, the forward end of which is pivotally connected to a lever 84. A crank shaft 89 extends transversely of the machine frame, said shaft being rookably supported on two pivot screws 85 and 88 carried by stationary parts of the ma chine frame. Lever 84 is also pivotally supported at its upper end on the pivot screw 85 to swing lore and aft of the machine. Shaft 89 is formed with a forwardly extending crank arm 90 at its inner end on which is journaled a short forwardly extending anti-friction roller 91 in constant engagement with the under face of a rail 92 extending longitudinally of the platen oarriage and rigidly supported on the shiftframe of the vertically movable platen support hereinafter described, said rail being in effect a part of the shift frame. Rock shaft 89 is formed at its outer end with a rearwardly extending crank arm 98 pro-- vided with an integral laterally bent depending stop lug 94 adapted to be normally held in engagement with the rear edge of lever 84 by means of a relatively strong retraetile spring 95. Stop 94 1s adjustable by bending it fore. and aft of the machine to vary the tension of spring 95.

With the foregoing mechanism, it will be observed that whenever the clutch, members are forced together through the medium of lever 7 5 operated directly, or operated indirectly, as hereinafter described, the lower end. of lever 84 will be thrown forward by the pinion 76, segment 77, and link 83, and the forward stop finger 80 will engage stop 81 and arrest the segment, pinion, and driven clutch member 69. Should the operator hold the operating key depressed after the shifting action is completed the clutch member 68 will readily slip or rotate relatively to member 69 and thus avoid straining the parts or stalling the motor as the friction clutch members are yieldably held in engagement by the resilient lever 71. The forward swinging of lever 84 will rock the shaft 89, through the medium of the strong coil spring 95 and crank arm 98 which is connected with the lever by said strong coil spring, and throw arm 90 and roller 91 upward to elevate rail 92 and thus shift the platen 92 to upper-case position, the platen being guided and positively arrested in its upward movement by means hereinafter described.

A latch 86 is pivoted at 9 on the lower free end of lever 84 to rock up and down, said latch exending rearwardly beyond a stationary transverse bar 87 in the machine frame and adapted toride over the upper edge of said bar and drop down in front of the bar when lever 84 is swung forward. A spring 8 normally urges the rear end or nose of the latch downward in position to ride up over bar 87 as the lever 84 swings forwardly and then snap down in front of the bar said spring normally holding the angular forward arm or end of the latch lever 86 against a limiting stop face of shoulder 7 formed on the forward edge of the fore and aft,

swinging lever 84.

A flat spring plate 97 is secured at its inner end to the front face of frame bar 87 and has its outer free end normally slightly bowed or curved forwardly away from the front face of said bar so as to have a limited movement fore and aft of the machine, said spring being provided with a guiding ear 98 bearing upon the upper edge of bar 87 directly under latch 86. Spring plate 97 is formed with a forwardly extending arm 99 at its free end, the depending portion of which carries an outwardly extending finger 100 normally engaging the forward edge of an upstanding hook 102.

I-Iook 102 is pivoted at its lower end at 109. on the shift and lock-up key-lever 75 to swing fore and aft of the machine. The hook 102is provided with an upwardly facing shoulder 108 at its rear edge which, during upward movement of hook 102 by the upward movement of the rear end of lever 7 5 as hereinafter described, is adapted to engage under an outwardly extending finger 104 carried by an upstanding latch-- releasing plate 105 and rock said plate. The extension 105" of the latch releasing plate 105 is normally immediately in front of lug 98 in the path of the rear arm of the latch lever 86, and the lower end of said plate is pivotally supported at 86 on the transverse bar 106 of a U-shaped bail. The forwardly extending arms 107 of the bail are pivotally held to a transverse rod 108 mounted in the machine frame to permitthe bail to rock up and down in the frame. The laterally swinging plate 105 is yieldably held in normal position by a spring 109 which connects the outwardly extend.- ing finger 104 on said plate with a horizontal extension or outwardly projecting finger 110 formed on the left hand end of the bail bar 106. Plate 105 is provided with a pair of oppositely extending stop fingers 111 adapted to engage the top edge of the bail bar 106 to limit the rocking movements of plate 105 in opposite directions, the spring 109 serving to normally tilt the plate toward the left hand side of the 'machine. The extension 110 of the bail engages under a downwardly facing shoulder 112 formed on the forward edge of hook 102, this shoulder normally resting on the top edge of said extension 110 and hook 102 being normally pulled forward against the rear face of finger 100 on plate 97 to hold shoulder 112 over extension 110 by a retrac'tile spring 113 connecting finger 101 on the hook with the key lever 75. The bail 106 is adapted to be rocked upwardly by either of two key levers 114 pivotally supported intermediate their ends adjacent opposite sides of the machine on a fulcrum rod and provided with inwardly extending lugs 115 at their rear ends engaging under the side arms 107 of the bail. Key levers 114 serve as temporary shift key levers and also as unlooking or releasing key levers for restoring the parts to normal position after a shift and lock-up operation brought about by direct action of key lever 75, as hereinafter described. This case shift mechanism is shown and described in my Patent 1,455,109, dated May 15, 1923.

In the operation of typewriting machines in which type bars are thrown to printing position by a power driven universal actuator, the type bars are all given a uniform stroke and the impact of the type against the platen is uniform. Prior to my present invention the power, or the stroke, of the universal actuator remained the same for both the upper and lower-case characters so that the impact of the type against the platen was the same whether printing the small lower-case characters or the larger upper-case characters. It is usual in type-- writing machines to print the smaller lowercase characters in the normal operation of the machine and to case shift for the printing of the larger upper-case characters, the upper-case characters being for the most part capital letters. In the practical operation of a power driven typewriting machine, such as shown in my pending applications mentioned herein, the upper-case or "larger characters are more lightly printed than the lower-case characters, the force of the universal actuator being the same for both sets of characters. It was found that because of the larger area of the upper-case or capital letters a slightly increased power is required to give said characters an impression or impact suflicient'to cause them to print uniformly with the lower-case or smaller letters. This is accomplished by providing means for slightly increasing the power of the universal actuator when the case shift mechanism is operated to position the parts for printing upper-case characters. This mechanism is operated through the case shift mechanism and is brought into action by the case shift operation and is thrown out of action when the case shift mechanism is returned to normal or lower case printing position.

As shown in the drawings the means for increasing the power of the universal actuator when printing upper case characters consistsof a forwardly and downwardly extending rigid arm 115 secured at its upper rear end to the under side of the lower member of the crank shaft 89. As hereinbefore pointed out this crank shaft 89 carries a forwardly extending crank arm 90 which operates the shift frame in which the platen is mounted. hen this crank shaft is rocked upwardly and forwardly by the case shift mechanism to shift the platen to upper-case position the arm 11.5 will likewise move upwardly and forwardly. On the arm 115, near its point of connection to the crank shaft 89 is pivoted a depending arm 116, the lower end of said arm being disposed at the side of one of the pair of arms 37 projecting rearwardly from the universal actuator bar 36. On the said arm 37, close to the forward edge of the arm 116, is a rigid pin 117. The arm 115 is formed with a rigid stop 118 which is adapted to be engaged by the forward edge of the arm 116 near its pivotal point, said rigid stop limiting the normal forward swinging movement of the arm 116. A supplemental actuator spring 119 is connected at one of its ends to the forward end of the arm 115, the other end of said spring being connected to the arm 116 near its lower end.

When the parts are in their normal or lower-case printing pea?! ion as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 the lower end of the arm 116 lies close to the pin 117 and the upper end of said arm is in contact with the rigid stop 118. In this position of the parts the supplemental actuator spring 119 is out of operation and exerts no force on the actuator, the actuator being moved to throw the type bars to printing position solely by the power of the main actuator spring 41.

When, however, the case shift mechanism is operated through any one of the case shift keys the crank shaft 89 is rocked upwardly and forwardly and the arm is thrown upwardly and forwardly thereby extending the spring 119. The upward swinging movement of the arm 115 removes the rigid stop 118 from the arm 116 and the lower end of said arm will be swung, by the tension of the spring 119, into engagement with the pin 117 on the actuator arm 37. The powenexerted by the extended spring 119 will tend to throw the universal actuator bar forward. It is manifest that when the universal bar is tripped, or unlocked, it will be thrown forward by its main actuator spring and the supplemental. actuator spring 119 and that the power of the supplemental Cal actuator spring will be added to the power of the main actuator spring so long as the platen is held in upper-case position. The result of this will be that the upper-case characters will be given a slightly increased impact, this increased power being just sufficient to print the larger upper-case characters uniformly with the printing of the smaller lower-case characters by the actuator spring. 4L1v alone.

As hereinbefore pointed out, when the mechanism is returned to its normal or lower-case printing position the supplemental actuator spring 119 is rendered inactive so that during the printing of the lower-case characters the actuator bar will be moved by the actuator spring 41 alone.

lVhen the. supplemental actuator spring is extended for the printing of upper-case characters it exerts a downward pull on the case shift frame tending to return it to its normal or lower-case position. This spring therefore has this additional function and serves as means for promptly returning the case shift frame to lower-case position.

The power of the supplemental actuator spring 119 may be varied somewhat by adjusting its connection with the arms 116 and 115 by means of a series of apertures in said arms or a series of notches therein as illustrated in Fig. 8 of the drawings.

From the foregoing it is clear that I provide a power operated typewriting machine in which the force of the universal actuator may be varied, to cause the type to strike the platen with a heavy or light blow as may be required by the character of the wor] being done, but in which the force of each blow of the actuator will be uniform for each adjustment of the power means. It is also clear that the blow or force of the actuator will be slightly increased when printing upper-case characters; and further that the impact of each individual type against the platen may be modified by means interposed in the type bar mechanism and adapted to be engaged by the type bar after it is freed from engagement with the universal actuator bar.

What I claim is:

1. In a typewriting machine the combination of a plurality of type carriers each. having upper and lower case characters, an actuator common to all of said type carriers, power mechanism for moving the actuator, means for locking the actuator out of op. eration, key actuated selecting devices for operative-1y connecting the actuator with the type carriers, means common to all of the selecting devices and operable thereby for releasing the power mechanism when a type carrier is operatlvely connected with the actuator, a case shift mechanism, and means ,for increasing the power of the actuator when printing the upper case characters.

2. In a typewriting machine the combination of. a series of type bars each having upper and lower case characters, a universal power operated actuator, key actuated means for selecting the type bar to be operated by the actuator, a case shift mechanism, and means for increasing the power of the actuator when printing upper case characters.

3. In a typewriting machine the combination of a series of type bars each carrying upper and lower case characters, a power driven actuator common to all of said type bars, means for selecting the type bar to be operated by the actuator, a case shift mechanism, and means for increasing the power of the actuator when the case shift mechanism is operated.

1. In a printing machine the combination of type carrier having upper and lower case characters, a power actuated means for causing the type carrier to print, a case shift mechanism and means "for increasing the power of the printing means in the shifted position of the case shift mechanism.

5. In a typewriting machine the combination of a series of type bars each carrying upper and lower case characters, a power driven actuator common to all of said type bars, means for selecting the type bar to be operated by the actuator, a case shiftmechanism, and means operated by the case shift mechanism for varying the power of the actuator when the case shift mechanism is operated.

6. In a typewriting machine the combination of a series of type bars having a uniform stroke each having upper and lower case characters, a universal power operated type-bar actuator having a uniform stroke, key actuated means for selecting the type bar to be operated by the actuator, a case shift mechanism, and means for increasing the power of the type-bar actuator when the case-shift mechanism is actuated, whereby the impact of the type in printing upper case characters, will be increased without varying the length of the movement of the type bar.

7. In a typewriting machine the combination of a series of type bars having a uniform stroke each. having upper and lower case characters, a universal power operated type-bar actuator having a uniform stroke, key actuated means for selecting the type bar to be operated by the actuator, a case shift mechanism, and means for increasing the power of the type-bar actuator when the case-shift mechanism is actuated, where- I by the impact of the type in printing upper case characters will be increased without varying the length of the movement of the type bar and without varying the length of movement of the actuator.

a 60 nation of a series of type bars having a upper case characters.

- ;.bar to be cperatedby the. actuator, a case be operated by anyone of the key levers,

8. In a typewritingmachine the combinashift mechanism, and means operated by tion of a series of. type bars having a unithe case shift mechanism for increasing form stroke each having upper and lower the, power of the typebar actuator whereby case characters, a universal, power operated the impact of the type in. printing upper 5 type-bar actuator having anniformstroke, case character willbe increased without 7 .key actuated means-for selecting. the type varying the length of the movement of bar. to be operated by the actuator, a case the type bar and without varying the length shift mechanism, and means operated by the of movement of the actuator when the case case shift mechanism for;,increasing the shift mechanism is operated to upper case pO.lVO1";Of tl1 type-bar actuator when the position.

case-shift mechanism is actuated, whereby 15. In a typewriting machine, a series of the impact ,ofthe type in printing upper type bars, each having upper and lower casecharacters will be increased without case. characters, a series of key levers for varying the length of the movement of the selecting the type bars, a release bar adapttype banwhen the case shift mechanism is ed to be operated by any one of the key 99 operated to upper case position. levers, an actuator, spring means for ad- 9.111 a typewriting machine the combinavancmg the actuator, means to retract the 'tion. of a series of type bars. each carrying actuator against he power of its spring, upper and lower case characters, a power a make-and-break connection between the i-dli cn actuator common to all of said type actuator and the means for retracting it,

- bars, means. .for selecting. the type bar. to met-111$ c t g the ffil ar to Said vb t d b th actuator 1, hife makeand-break connection, meanswhereby d i and, means f varying th the actuator when released will operate any tpower of the actuator when the case shift Selected W1 barafi F3366 Shlft lllechanlsmi mechanismis operated, and means operated by the case shift .mecha- 10,1 a printing. machine the combin nism forv increas ng the power of the ac- .ti f a t vcarrier h i upper d tuator when printing upper case char- .lower case characters, a power actuated \meansefor causing the type carrier to print, In it WP FlDg B 1 of w acase shift mechanism, and means for varyyp b each E Q-I PP and lower @5136 ing the power of the printingmeans in the tl a a SQFIQS f y levfils S9le0tshifted position of the case shift mechanism. the yp bars release adapted 11. In a printing machine the combinal ep r y y 011% he key levers, an ti 1? 3 t i h i upper d actuator, spring means for advancing the lower case Characters a power actuated actuator, 1 means to retract the actuator m9 means for causing the type carrier to print,-: t-E me l f lts p a make" a case shift mechanism, and meansoperated and-W921]; Connectloni w n t e actuator b the Case, hift mechanism {Or increasing and the means for retracting t, means conthe power of the pprintingmeans h h nest n the releaserbar ,to said make-and 40 e ii h i i t d -.breanconnection, means wiereby the ac-. 105

In, printing machine, h (,Ombin2h ,tuator when released w ll operateany setion of a type carrier having upper d lected type bar, a case shift mechanism, and lower Case Characters, a power actuated means ior varying the power of the actuator vmeans f causing h t carrier tonprintj through the. movement. of the case shift a case shift mechanism, and means operated mechanlsmb th hift mechanism f Varying 17. In a typewriting .machine, a plurality the power of the printingmeans when the y bars each havlng pp and lower case hift mechanism i Operated. case chaacters,anactuator,common to all.

18. In a typewriting machinethe combiwy a P mechamfim I nation of a -1 f type, bars each carry moving the actuator, means or looking the i guppeld a lower case Characters, actuator out-of operation, key actuated se .ipower driven actuator commonto all. of Electing define? for operatwely connectmg said type bars, vmeans for selecting the type i-heaciuatmi 3 the yp barsa'lneans .b t b t d b th actuator a case mon to all oft-the selecting dV1C6S and 0p shift mechanism, and means operated by treble t r r releaslllg the Stud D th ag hift. mechanism fopingreg sing the .JHGClHtHlSID. when a type bar is operatively power f th t t h th 33,35 hift, connected with the actuator, a case shift mechanism isoperated. .m echanism, and means for. increasing the 14. In a typewriting-machine the combipower of the. actuator when printing the uniform stroke each having upper and lower In a typewriting machine, a series of case characters, a universal power operated type bars, each having upper and lower case typebar actuator having a uniform stroke, characters, aseries of key levers for selectkey actuated means for selecting the type ingthe typebars, a release bar adapted to an actuator, spring means for advancing case characters, a series of key levers for selecting the type bars, a release bar adapted to be operated by any one of the key levers, an actuator, spring means for advancing the actuator, means to retract the actuator against the power of its spring,

a make-and-break connection between the actuator and the means for retracting it, means connecting the release bar to said make-and-break connection, means whereby the actuator when released will operate any selectedtype bar, a case shift mecha nism, a supplemental actuator spring, and means operated by the case shift mechanism to tension the supplemental actuator spring and connect said spring to the actuator to increase the power of the actuator when printing upper case characters.

20. In a typewriting machine the co1nbination of a series of type bars each having upper and lower case characters, a power operated universal actuator, key actuated means for selecting the type bar to be operated by the actuator, a case shift mechanism, a supplemental actuator spring, and means operated by the case shift mechanism to tension the supplemental actuator spring and connect said spring to the actuator to increase the power of the actuator when printing upper case characters.

21. In a typewriting machine the combination of a series of type bars each having upper and lower case characters, a power operated universal actuator, key actuated means for selecting the type bar to be operated by the actuator, a case shift mechanism, a normally inactive supplemental actuator spring, and means operated by the case shift mechanism to tension the supplemental actuator spring and connect said spring to the actuator to increase the power of the actuator when printing upper case characters.

22. In a typewriting machine, a series of type bars, each having upper and lower case characters, a series of key levers for selecting the type bars, a release bar adapted to be operated by any one of the key levers, an actuator, spring means for advancing the actuator, means to retract the actuator against the power of its spring, a make-and break connection between the actuator and the means for retracting it, means connecting the release bar to said make-and-break connection, means whereby the actuator when released will operate any selected type bar, a case shift mechanism, a normally inactive supplemental actuator spring, and means operated by the case shift mechanism to tension the supplemental actuator spring and connect said spring to the actuator to increase the power of the actuator when printing upper case characters.

23. In a typewriting machine, a series of type bars, each having upper and lower case characters, a series of key levers for selecting the type bars, a release bar adapted to be operated by any one of the key levers, an actuator, spring means for advancing the actuator, means to retract the actuator against the power of its spring, a make-and break connection between the actuator and the means for retracting it, means connecting the release bar to said make-and-break connection, means whereby the actuator when released will operate any selected type bar, a case shift mechanism, a supplemental actuator spring, and means operated by the case shift mechanism to tension the supplemental actuator spring and connect said spring to the actuator to increase the power of the actuator when printing upper case characters, said supplemental actuator spring being retcnsioned by the actuator retracting means after each upper case printing operation.

24. In a typewriting machine the combination of a series of type bars each having upper and lower case characters, a power operated universal actuator, key actuated means for selecting the type bar to be op-' erated by the actuator, a case shift mechanism, a normally inactive supplemental actuator spring, and means operated by the case shift mechanism to tension the supple mental actuator spring and connect said spring to the actuator to increase the power of the actuator when printing upper case characters, said spring when under tension serving as a case shift return spring.

25. In a printing machine, a plurality of carriers bearing largeand small printing characters, a power driven actuator common to all of said type carriers and operating with uniform power when printing the smaller characters, and means for increas ing the power of said actuator when printing the larger characters without increasing the throw of said actuator.

26. In a power driven printing machine, two series of printing characters, the characters of one series being larger than the characters of the other series, a power driven actuator for causing said characters to print, and means for increasing the power of said actuator when printing the larger characters without increasing the throw of said actuator.

27 In a power drivenprinting machine, two series of printing characters, the characters of one series being larger than the characters of the other series, a power driven means embodying an actuator for causing said character to separately and independently print, and means for increasing the power of said power driven means when printing the larger characters without increasing the throw of said actuator Y 28. In a power driven printing machine, two series of printing characters, the characters of one series being larger than the characters of the other series, a power driven actuator for causing said characters to print, and power driven means for increasing the power of said actuator when printing the larger characters without increasing the throw ofsaid actuator. i 29. In a power driven printing machine, two series of printing characters, the characters of one series being larger than the characters of the other series, a power driven actuator for causing said characters to print, and key controlled power driven meansifor increasing the power of said actuator when printing the larger characters without increasing-the throw of said actuator.

80. In a typewriting machine, a plurality of type bars, an actuator common to all the saidtype bars, power mechanism for moving the actuator, means for locking the actuator out of operation, key actuated selecting devices for operatively connecting the actuator with the type bars, means common to all of the selecting devices and operable, thereby for releasing the said power mechanism when a type bar is operatively connected with the actuator, two series of printing characters carried by the type bars, the characters of one series being larger than the characters of the other series, and power driven means for increasing the power of the actuator when printing the larger characters.

31. In a typewriting machine, a plurality of type bars, an actuator common to all the said type bars, power mechanism for moving the actuator, means for locking the actuator out of operation, key actuated selecting devices for operatively connecting the actuator with the type bars, means common to all of the selecting devices and operable thereby forreleasing the said power mechanism when a type bar is operatively connected with the actuator, two series of printing characters carried by the type bars, the characters of one series being larger than the characters of the other series, and key controlled power driven means for increasing the power of the actuator whenprinting the larger characters.

32. In a typewriting machine the combination of series of type bars each carrymg upper and lower case characters, a power driven actuator common to all of said type 'bars, means for selecting the type bar to be operated by the actuator, a power operated case shittmechanism, and means operated bytheca'se shift mechanism to increase the power of the actuator when the case shift mechanism is operated to print upper case characters. V

33. In a typewriting machine the combination of a series of'type bars each carrying upper and lower case characters, a power driven actuator common to all of said type bars, means for selecting the type bar to be operated by the actuator, a power operated case 'shift mechanism, and means operatedby the case shift mechanism to vary the power of the actuator when the case shift mechanism is operated.

34. Ina typewriting machine, a series of ,type bars, each having upper and lower case characters, a series'of key levers for selecting the type bars, a release bar adapted to be operated by any one of the key levers, an actuator, spring means for advancing the actuator, means to retract the actuator against the power of its spring, a 'make-and break connection between the actuator and the means for retracting it, means con-necting the release bar to said make-and-break connection, means whereby the actuator when released will operate any selected type bar, apower operated case shift mechanism, and means operated by the case shift mechanism to increase the power of the actuator when. rinting upper casecharacters;

35. n a typewriting machine the combination of a series of type bars each carrying upper and lower case characters, a power driven actuator common to all of said type bars, means for selecting the type bar to be operated by the act'uator, a power operated case shift mechanism, a supplemental actuator spring, and means operated by the case shift mechanism to tension the supplemental actuator spring and connect said spring to the actuator to increase the power of the actuator when printing upper case characters.

36. In a typewriting machine the combination of a series of type bars each carrying upper and lower case characters, a power driven actuator common to all of said type bars, means for selecting the type bar to be operated by the actuator, a power operated case shift mechanism, a normally inactive supplemental actuator spring, and means operated by the case shift mechanism to tension the supplemental actuator springand connect said spring to the actuator to increase the power ofthe actuator when printingupper case characters.

37. 'In a typewriting machine, a series of type bars, each having upper and lower case characters, a series of key levers for selecting the type bars, a release bar adapted to be operated by any one of the key levers, an actuator, spring means for advancing the acturelease bar to said make-and-break connection, means whereby the actuator when ref leased Wlll operate any selected type bar, a

power operated case shiftmechanism, a supplemental actuator spring, and means operated by the case shift mechanism to tension the supplemental actuator spring and connect said spring to the actuator to increase the powerof the actuator when printing upper case characters.

38. In a typewriting machine, a series of type bars, each having upper and lower case characters, a series of key levers for selecting the type bars, a release bar adapted to be operated by any one'of the key levers, an actuator, spring means for advancing the actuator, means to retract the actuator agalnst thepower of its spring, a make-and-break connection between. the actuator and the means for retracting it, means connectingthe release bar to said make-a'nd-break connection, means whereby the actuator when released will operate any selected type bar, a case shift frame, a crank shaft, a power operated mechanism to rotate said shaft to lift said frame to upper case position, a forwardly extending arm on said crank shaft, a supplemental actuator spring connected to said arm, and means to tension and connect said supplemental spring to the actuator when the crank shaft is rotated.

39. In a typewriting machine the combination of a series of type bars each carrying upper and lower case characters, a power driven actuator common to all of said type bars, means for selecting the type bar to be operated by the actuator, a case shift frame, a crank shaft, a power operated mechanism to rotate said shaft to lift said frame to up per case position, a forwardly extending arm on said crank shaft, a supplemental actuator springrconnected to said arm and means to tension and connect said supplemental spring to the actuator when the crank shaft is rotated. Y I

40. In a typewriting machine the combination of a series of type bars each carrying upper and lower case characters, a power driven actuator common to all, of said type bars, means forselecting the type bar to be operated by the actuator, a case shift frame, a crank shaft, a power operated mechanism to rotate said shaft to lift said frame to upper case position, a forwardly extending rigid arm on said shaft, a depending pivoted arm' carried by said shaft, a supplemental actuator spring connected to the rigid arm pivoted arm when the shift frame is lifted and the supplemental actuator spring is put under tension.

l1. In a typewriting machine the combi nationof a type carrier having upper and lower case characters, a power actuated means for causing the type carrier to print, a power operated case shift mechanism, and means for increasing the power of the print-- ing means in the shifted position of the case shift mechanism.

42. In a typewriting machine the combination of a type carrier having upper and lower case characters, a power actuated means for causing the type carrier to print, a power operated case shift mechanism, and means operated by the case'shift mechanism for increasing the power of the printing means in the shifted position of the case shift mechanism; 7

43. In a typewriting machine the combination of a series of type bars, each carrying upper and lower case characters, a main power driven means common to all of said type bars and operated'to swing said type bars to printing position, means for selecting the type bar to be operated by said power driven means, a power operated case shift mechanism, a normally inactive supplemental power means for moving the type bars to printing position, and means operated by the case shift mechanism during its'case shift movement to add the power ofthe said supplemental means to the main power means for moving the type bars to printing position. 7

L4. In a typewriting machine, a springactuated t-ype-bar-actuator and a motordriven means for retracting it against the action of its spring, said means embodying devices for arresting the actuator before the type-bars reach the printing point, freelymoving type-bars adapted to be actuated by said actuator and to move to the printing point under momentum after said actuator is arrested, means for adjusting the tension of the actuator spring, a motor operated case shift mechanism, means operated by the case shift mechanism for increasing the power of the actuator when printing upper case characters, and a restraining spring for each type bar normally free of the type bar and adapted to be engaged by'the type bar during its swinging movement, each of said re-' straining springs .being adjustable to be pickedup at the desired point in the travel of the type bar to thereby vary the impact of the type at the printing point. r

In testimony whereof I hereunto affix my signature.

MANSFIELD o. GRAWLEY. 

